Today I am giving Download Old NCERT- Modern India of Class XII- Bipin Chandra in pdf format.
You can download the NCERT PDF from given link below:
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
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Download Old NCERT- Modern India- Class XII- Bipin Chandra
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Ancient Indian History notes pdf Download
Today I am giving Notes of Ancient Indian History. Although I have checked these notes but if you find any mistakes & have any suggestions to improve them, please comment. :)
Topics covered in the notes:
1.Geographical knowledge of the Vedic period
2. Asoka's Dhamma
3. The splendour of the 'Dark Centuries'
5. HISTORY AND IMPACT OF Indo-Greeks
9. Saka-satavahana Conflict
10. Sanskrit
16. SAIVISM
22. EASTERN BENGAL AND BALKH
40. CHALUKYAS OF BADAMI OR EARLY/WESTERN
42. India's Impact on Southeast Asia
43. THE LINK BETWEEN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND SOUTH INDIA
46. PLACES AND AREAS IN ANCIENT INDIA
Hope this helps :)
Topics covered in the notes:
1.Geographical knowledge of the Vedic period
- FOREIGN RELATIONS OF ASOKA
- DECLINE OF MAURYAS
2. Asoka's Dhamma
- NEED OF DHARMA
- SUCCESS OF HIS DHARMA
3. The splendour of the 'Dark Centuries'
4. POST-MAURYAN PERIOD
- ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
5. HISTORY AND IMPACT OF Indo-Greeks
6. SUNGAS
7. KUSHANS
8. Andhra Satavahanas
- ORIGIN
- SOURCES
- CHORONOLOGY
- IMPORTANCE
- SATAVAHANA ACHIEVEMENTS
- SATAVAHANA ADMINISTRATION
- Significance Of The Satavahanas
9. Saka-satavahana Conflict
- Significance
10. Sanskrit
11. Prakrit
12. Tamil
13. MAHAYANA BUDDHISM
14. THEISTIC CULTS
15. BHAGVATISM
- NEED OF BHAGVATISM
- ESSENCE OF BHAGATISM
- CAUSES OF POPULARITY
16. SAIVISM
17. Kapala and Kalamukha Sects
18. MARUYAN ART
19. GANDHARA-MATHURA SCHOOL
20. Other Schools of Mauryan Period
21. THE GUPTA AGE
- RISE AND FALL OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE
- CHANDRAGUPTA I
- SAMUDRAGUPTA
- WAR WITH SAKAS
22. EASTERN BENGAL AND BALKH
23. DECLINE OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE (All reasons)
24. The Vakatakas
25. GUPTA ADMINISTRATION
26. GUPTA SOCIETY
27. GUPTA ECONOMY
28. GUPTA LITERATURE
29. GUPTA ART
30. GUPTA RELIGION
31. Before the GUPTAS & During the GUPTAS Comparison
32. POST-GUPTA PERIOD
33. THE HOUSE OF PUSHYABHUTI
34. HISTORY OF HARSHA
35. EXAGGERATIONS OF BANA AND HUEUN-TSANG
36. HARSHAVARDHANA AND HIS TIMES
37. MAUKHARTS
38. THE LATER GUPTAS
39. PALLAVAS
- ORIGIN
- POLITICAL HISTORY of PALLAVAS
- CHALUKYA-PALLAVA CONFLICT
- PALLAVA SOCIETY
- PALLAVA ADMINISTRATION
- PALLAVA ART
40. CHALUKYAS OF BADAMI OR EARLY/WESTERN
41. THE ARAB CONQUEST
- SIGNIFICANCE
42. India's Impact on Southeast Asia
- Causes and Consequences
- The Dynamics of Cultural Borrowings
- The contribution of Buddhist monks
43. THE LINK BETWEEN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND SOUTH INDIA
44. INDIAN IMPACT ON ANCIENT SOUTH-EAST ASIA
45. GENERAL PREVIEW OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING &
EDUCATION
- SCINECE & TECHNOLOGY
- LEARNING AND EDUCATION
46. PLACES AND AREAS IN ANCIENT INDIA
47. ANCIENT PLACE NAMES AND HISTORIC SITES- MAP INDEX
48. HISTORY OF FUNAN AND CAMBODIA
Hope this helps :)
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Download Old NCERT- The Story of Civilization- Class X- Arjun Dev
Today I am giving Old NCERT- The Story of Civilization- Class X by Arjun Dev. Book is in PDF format & you can download it from the given link.
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Major Political Philosophies and their effect on Society- History Notes
Three major political philosophies viz. Capitalism, Communism & Socialism along with several others have been affecting our world for a long time. Here is a brief explanation of these philosophies:
1. CAPITALISM- It is also referred as Laissez-Faire – ‘Individualism’
2. COMMUNISM- The mode of production in material life determines the general character of social, political & spiritual process of life. Since the establishment of private property, the society has been divided into two hostile economic classes.
The primary reasons for this antagonism is that the capitalist class, through its ownership of means of production, is able to appropriate the ‘surplus value’ created by labour.
A social revolution is inevitable because of concentration of capital in fewer hands & proliferation of the proletariats, who will at its climax overthrow the capitalist class and a dictatorship of the proletariat, will follow resulting the highest intensification of State.
Ultimately, the state will wither away, In the new society each man will contribute to the social wealth by his labour as much he can, and will take from it what he needs.
Value is the creation of society rather than of labourers, under the unregulated competitive system a capitalist retains the superior yield of his capital, which is due not to his superior ability but to the location of his business Investment alone confers no valid title to income.
The conflict is not between those who work for wages and those who employ wage-workers; it is between the community and those who grow rich through investment.
1) Anti-collectivism
Way out suggested are:
2) Non-socialist Welfare Collectivism
3) Fabian Socialism
4) Radical Social Administration
5) The Political Economy of Welfare
1) Anti-collectivism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
2) Non-socialist welfare collectivism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
3) Fabian socialism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
4) Radical social administration
a) Social problems explained in terms of
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
5) Political economy of welfare
a) Social problems explained in terms of
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
1. CAPITALISM- It is also referred as Laissez-Faire – ‘Individualism’
- Private property is a natural right of man.
- ‘Individual’ knows best his own interest & how to pursue it.
- In pursuing his own interest ‘individual’ also serves the common interest.
- Govt. should not interfere in economic affairs.
- Govt. should intervene to establish ‘free trade’ in foreign commerce, to promote competition.
- Free competition in the pursuit of wealth is the only way of conserving the effects of a natural selection & survival of the fittest.
- Those who benefit from a competitive pursuit of economic gain are more numerous than those who suffer.
2. COMMUNISM- The mode of production in material life determines the general character of social, political & spiritual process of life. Since the establishment of private property, the society has been divided into two hostile economic classes.
The primary reasons for this antagonism is that the capitalist class, through its ownership of means of production, is able to appropriate the ‘surplus value’ created by labour.
A social revolution is inevitable because of concentration of capital in fewer hands & proliferation of the proletariats, who will at its climax overthrow the capitalist class and a dictatorship of the proletariat, will follow resulting the highest intensification of State.
Ultimately, the state will wither away, In the new society each man will contribute to the social wealth by his labour as much he can, and will take from it what he needs.
3. SOCIALISM- The Fabian Socialists [Recardian theory: The rent of a given piece of landis in general the equivalent of its superior advantages- in site, fertility or resources- over the worst available land].
Value is the creation of society rather than of labourers, under the unregulated competitive system a capitalist retains the superior yield of his capital, which is due not to his superior ability but to the location of his business Investment alone confers no valid title to income.
The conflict is not between those who work for wages and those who employ wage-workers; it is between the community and those who grow rich through investment.
Thus the object of socialism is to obtain for members of the society the values which society creates by gradually transferring land and industrial capital to the community, while making the state fully representative of the community.
Major theoretical
positions
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Philosophy
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Nature of State
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Capitalism
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ANTI-COLLECTIVISM
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Residual
State
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NON-SOCIALIST
WELFARE COLLECTIVISM
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Reformism
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Socialism
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FABIAN SOCIALISM
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Reformism
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RADICAL
SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION
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Reformism
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Communism
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POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WELFARE
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Totalitarian
State
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Explanation in Brief
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1) Anti-collectivism
- Freedom of the individual / Individualism.
- Freedom to act in the market economy enables a person to stand on one’s own feet and then state welfare becomes unnecessary for the majority.
- Individual freedom is limited through the imposed burden of taxation necessary to fund state welfare, by planning and rent control etc.
- State welfare services are wasteful and inefficient since they do not face any competition and are not controlled by any cost effective principles.
- State welfare bureaucracies have created self-interested groups of professionals who demand that the growth of the welfare state be maintained.
Way out suggested are:
1. To provide privately based welfare.
2. Contracting out to the private sector of parts of the welfare services.
3. The application of market principles within state welfare provision.
3. The application of market principles within state welfare provision.
- They see warts on capitalism’s face (Disease, Want, Ignorance, Unemployment etc.) and believe that with judicious state warts can be removed.
- State intervention in this way is also seen as promoting stability and maintaining capitalism more effectively.
- Emphasize a mixed economy of welfare and decentralization and participation.
3) Fabian Socialism
- Their argument against capitalism is moral one: it is unethical, unjust and undemocratic, but it can be transformed. Central to this transformation is the welfare state, so for Fabian socialists, capitalism is not an ugly face, but a tiger needs to be tamed and transformed.
- Fabian socialists argue strongly for the state as the source of welfare provision, as against the private sector, which they see as catering to the rich rather than the poor.
4) Radical Social Administration
- They Go beyond Fabian gradualism as their analysis implies the need for transformation of social structure.
- They employ a structuralist analysis of social problems. But at the same time lean back to the idealism of the Fabian socialists to explain change.
5) The Political Economy of Welfare
- The political economy approach sees the development of welfare under capitalism as the result of conflict between the classes: the working class and capitalist class.
An explanatory
account of different welfare perspectives
|
1) Anti-collectivism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
- Individual failure or inadequacy
- Changes effected by Individual action
- Method: Individualist
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
- Extremely selective,
- Otherwise through choice in the private market
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
- Freedom of the market dominates
2) Non-socialist welfare collectivism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
- Individual failure plus dysfunctioning of economy
- Changes effected by Pressure group action; fostering collective commitment to national interest
- Method: Idealist
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
- Some universalism, some selectivity
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
- Social policy compensates for and supports economic policy
3) Fabian socialism
a) Social problems explained in terms of
- Dysfunctions of capitalism, maladministration of welfare state
- Changes effected by Fostering collectivist and moral values of equality, fraternity, altruism
- Method: Idealist
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
- Universal needs-based
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
- Social policy influences economic policy to become more socially responsible
4) Radical social administration
a) Social problems explained in terms of
- Structure, class relations and misdistribution within capitalism
- Changes effected by Transformation of state by fostering social values to press for radical state action
- Method: Idealist / structuralist
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
- Universal needs-based
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
- Unification of social and economic policy through social planning to redress inequality
5) Political economy of welfare
a) Social problems explained in terms of
- Conflicting interests between working class needs and capitalist’s needs
- Changes effected by Class struggles to change economic production resulting from conflict between capital and labour
- Method: Materialist / structuralist.
b) Principle of distribution of state welfare provision
- Universal needs-based
c) Relationship between economic policy and social policy
- Irreconcilable conflict under capitalism. Under socialism, economy to serve human needs
Notes by: Ishan Pendam
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Download Old NCERT-History-Ancient India-Class XI- Makkhan Lal
It contains all the details that could be useful for exams like SSC, CAPF, CDS etc. in addition to the mother of all-Civil Services Examination.
In the coming posts, I'll share strategy about how to prepare for other competitive exams along with Civil Services exam. :)
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Download Old NCERT-History-Medieval India-Class VII- Romila Thapar
History is one of the main headaches of Civil services aspirants. To start with History, NCERTs are considered to be the best source. However, the new NCERTs are more oriented towards providing pictorial details & stuff while old NCERTs were more text oriented.
I am providing Old NCERT-History-Medival India-Class VII- Romila Thapar. It seems to be having more details about things that could be asked in exams than just being an illustrious book.
One more thing- Mere collecting books & fancy documents doesn't mean that you have gained knowledge necessary to crack an examination. Make a habit of making notes, specially in History because it is one of those subjects that will give you confidence of knowing everything but when it comes to writing answers, you come to know what this subject really is.
Prepare notes, whether be it ancient, medieval or modern History so it could be used when the time for the final battle comes.
Hope it helps. I'll update other books soon. :)